16 Rumus Tenses Bahasa Inggris: Penjelasan Mudah beserta Contohnya

 

Kamu tahu nggak sih tenses itu apa? Berapa banyak tenses di bahasa inggris? Dan apa aja sih rumus rumus tenses nya? Penasaran? Simak terus artikel ini.

Hi, edumentory lovers!

Kali ini kita akan membahas dan belajar Bersama tentang tenses dalam bahasa inggris. Kalian udah ada yang tau ap aitu tenses. Oke, langsung saja.

Apa itu Tenses?

Tense adalah struktur tata bahasa yang mengindikasikan waktu dari sebuah kejadian atau peristiwa. Waktu dalam tenses terbagi menjadi 3, yaitu sekarang atau present, masa lalu atau past dan masa yang akan datang atau future. Dalam bahasa inggris, tenses merupakan struktur struktur tata bahasa yang menunjukkan waktu dimana sebuah peristiwa atau kegiatan terjadi atau akan terjadi. Dalam bahasa inggris, tenses memiliki 16 jenis yang berbeda.

16 Rumus Tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris

1.     Simple Present Tense

Simple present digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta yang sudah diketahui semua orang, atau menyatakan suatu kebiasaan. Simple present tense juga dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perintah dan permintaan.

Rumus :

(+) S + V1 s/es

(-) S + does not/doesn’t + V1

(-) S + do not/don’t + V1

(?) Do/does + S + V1?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi eats an apple

(-) Abi does not eat an apple

(?) Does Abi eat an apple?

 

b.     (+) They eat vegetables

(-) They do not eat vegetables

(?) Do they eat vegetables? 

Note :

S = Subject

V = Verb / Kata kerja 

2.     Simple Past Tense

Simple past digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan pada masa lalu dimana waktu terjadinya sudah diketahui secara pasti. Simple past tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan rutinitas yang dilakukan di masa lalu. 

Rumus :

(+) S + V2

(-) S + did not / didn’t + V1

(?) Did + S + V1?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi ate an apple

(-) Abi did not eat an apple

(?) Did Abi eat an apple?

b.     (+) They ate vegetables

(-) They didn’t eat vegetables

(?) Did they eat vegetables?

3.     Simple Future Tense

Simple future digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan atau yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus :

(+) S + will + V1

(-) S + will not / won’t + V1

(?) Will + S + V1?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi will eat grapes

(-) Abi will not eat grapes

(?) Will Abi eat grapes?

 

b.     (+) They will eat vegetables

(-) They won’t eat vegetables

(?) Will they eat vegetables?

4.     Present Continuous Tense

Simple present progressive digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi atau yang terjadi di waktu tertentu pada masa sekarang.

Rumus :

(+) S + is/am /are + V1+ing

(-) S + is/am /are + not + V1+ing

(?) is/am /are + S + V1?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi is eating grapes

(-) Abi is not eating grapes

(?) Is Abi eating grapes?

 b.     (+) They are eating vegetables

(-) They are not eating vegetables

(?) Are they eating vegetables?

 

c.     (+) I am eating fruit

(-) I am not eating fruit

5.     Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan pada masa lalu. Past continuous tense juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan lama. Selain itu ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu kegiatan yang terjadi ketika kegiatan lain sedang berlangsung.

Rumus :

(+) S + was / were + Ving

(-) S + was not / were not + Ving

(?) Was / were + S + Ving?

Contoh :

c.     (+) Abi was cooking when his mother arrived home.

(-) Abi was not cooking when his mother arrived home.

(?) Was Abi cooking when his mother arrived home?

 

d.     (+) They were eating pizza

(-) They were not eating pizza

(?) Were they eating pizza?

6.     Future Continuous Tense

Future continuous tense diguanakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan berlangsung atau berlanjut di suatu waktu di masa mendatang. Ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menunjukkan rencana dan ekspektasi di masa mendatang.

Rumus :

(+) S + will + be + Ving

(-) S + will + not + be + Ving

(?) Will + S + be + Ving?

Contoh :

a.     (+) They will be having his lunch in the afternoon.

(-) They will not be having his lunch in the afternoon.

(?) Will they be having his lunch in the afternoon? 

7.     Present Perfect Tense

Simple present perfect adalah tenses yang menyatakan kejadian yang sudah terjadi namun masih memiliki hubungan dengan masa sekarang. Tenses ini juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang baru saja terjadi.

Rumus :

(+) S + has / have + V3

(-) S + has / have not + V3

(?) Has / Have + S + V3?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi has eaten an apple

(-) Abi has not eaten an apple

(?) Has Abi eaten an apple?

b.     (+) They have eaten vegetables

(-) They have not eaten vegetables

(?) Have they eaten vegetables?

8.     Past Perfect Tense

Simple past perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian/ kegiatan yang sudah selesai di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + had + V3

(-) S + had not + V3

(?) Had+ S + V3?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi had eaten an apple

(-) Abi had not eaten an apple

(?) Had Abi eaten an apple?

b.     (+) They had eaten vegetables

(-) They had not eaten vegetables

(?) Had they eaten vegetables?

9.     Future Perfect Tense

Future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan diselesaikan di satu waktu di masa mendatang.

Rumus :

(+) S + will / shall + have + V3

(-) S + will/shall + not + have + V3

(?) Will/shall + S + have + V3?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi will have cooked the rice by noon.

(-) Abi will have cooked the rice by noon.

(?) Will Abi have cooked the rice? 

10.  Present Perfect Continuous Tense / Present Perfect Progressive Tense

Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang dimulai pada satu waktu di masa lalu dan baru saja selesai atau masih berlangsung di masa sekarang.

Rumus :

(+) S + have/has + been + Ving

(-) S + have/has not + been + Ving

(?) Has/Have+ S + been + Ving?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi has been doing his homework for an hour.

(-) Abi has not been taking his medicine since last week.

(?) Has Abi been taking his medicine since last week?

 

b.     (+) They have been living in Korea for the last 2 years.

(-) They have not been living in Korea for the last 2 years.

(?) Have they been living in Korea for the last 2 years?

11.  Past Perfect Continuous Tense / Past Perfect Progressive Tense

Past perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian/ kegiatan yang dimulai pada satu waktu di masa lalu dan masih berlangsung di satu waktu di masa lalu ketika kegiatan lain baru dimulai di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + had + been + Ving

(-) S + had not + been + Ving

(?) Had + S + been + Ving?

Contoh :

a.     (+) Abi had been working on his homework for a week.

(-) Abi had not been working on his homework for a week.

(?) Had Abi been working on his homework for a week?

12.  Future Perfect Continuous Tense / Future Perfect Progressive Tense

Future perfect continuous tense diguanakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan berlanjut di periode waktu tertentu di masa depan. Tenses ini digunakan untuk menjelaskan lamanya kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus :

(+) S + will/shall + have + been + Ving

(-) S + will/shall not + have + been + Ving

(?) Will/Shall + S + have + been + Ving?

Contoh :

a.     (+) I will have been cleaning the class for an hour when the others return.

(-) I will not have been cleaning the class for two hours tomorrow.

(?) Will she have been going to her school?

b.     (+) We shall have been playing for a day.

(-) They shall not have been sitting here for a day.

(?) Shall they have been sitting here since the afternoon?

13.  Past Future Tense

Simple past future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan di lakukan di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + would/should + infinitive

(-) S + would/should + not + infinitive

(?) Would/Should + S + infinitive? 

(+) S + was/were + going to + infinitive

(-) S + was/were + going to + not + infinitive

(?) Was/were + S + going to + infinitive?

 Contoh :

a.     (+) I should go to the school.

(-) Daisy would not go to the hospital.

(?) Would Daisy go to the hospital?

b.     (+) They were going to the market.

(-) I was not going to the market.

(?) Were they going to the traditional market? 

14.  Past Future Continuous Tense

Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan akan sedang terjadi di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + would + be + Ving

(-) S + would + not + be + Ving

(?) Would+ S + be + Ving ?

Contoh :

a.     (+) I would be visiting my grandma if I were not sick.

(-) I would not be visiting my grandma if I were sick.

(?) Would he be visiting his grandma if his father came back from the office early? 

15.  Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan seharusnya  sudah selesai di lakukan di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + would/should + have + V3

(-) S + would/should + have + not + V3

(?) Would/Should + S + have + V3 ?

(+) S + would/should + have + been + Nominal

(-) S + would/should + have + not + been + Nominal

(?) Would/Should + S + have + been + Nominal?

Contoh :

a.     (+) I should have been a businessman.

(-) Daisy should not have gone to the hospital.

(?) Should Daisy have gone to the hospital?

b.     (+) I would have been a scholar if I had passed the test.

(-) He would not have been a pilot if he had failed.

(?) Would he have been a pilot if he had failed? 

16.  Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past future perfect tense digunakan untuk menyatakan lama kegiatan/kejadian yang sudah terjadi di masa lalu.

Rumus :

(+) S + would + have + been + Ving

(-) S + would + not + have + been + Ving

(?) Would + She + have + been + Ving ?

Contoh :

a.     (+) I would have been working as a freelancer for half a year by the end of last month.

(-) I would not have been travelling to Korea for a month by the end of last year.

(?) Would she have been travelling to Korea for four days by last week? 

Secara singkat, tenses adalah tata bahasa yang menggambarkan kejadian atau peristiwa tertentu beserta waktu terjadinya. Secara umum, tenses terbagi menjadi 3 waktu yaitu present atau masa kini, past atau masa lampau dan future atau masa sekarang. Dimana jumlah tenses dalam bahasa inggris yaitu 16 tenses berbeda seperti simple, continuous, perfect dan perfect contionuous. Sekarang kita udah mempelajari ap aitu tenses, jenis jenisnya, penggunaan, rumus dan contoh contohnya.

Finally, kamu udah menyelesaikan materi 16 tenses dalam bahasa inggris. Hmm, gimana? Udah hafal kegunaan dan rumus 16 tenses dalam bahasa inggris tadi? Apa masih ada kesulitan? Tulis di kolom komentar pengalamanmu belajar tenses bahasa inggris! Sampai jumpa di pembahasan berikutnya!